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Puberty
Puberty refers to the period of sexual maturation. Puberty is when the child experiences physical, hormonal, and sexual changes and becomes capable of reproduction. It is associated with rapid growth and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.
When a healthy child is somewhere between 9 and 16 years old, he or she will enter puberty. The exact age depends on factors such as heredity and nutrition and whether the child is a boy or a girl. On the average, boys enter puberty 2 years later than girls. At this time, the pituitary and hypothalamus glands in the brain (endocrine glands) begin sending out new hormones that trigger the changes of puberty. Both boys and girls usually experience sudden gains in height and weight. The hormones will regulate and help determine the person`s body built.
(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/print/ency/article)
1.Consider the following items:
1. A definition of puberty.
2. Changes which boys and girls undergo when they enter puberty.
3. The period in life when a child enters puberty.
4. The age when boys and girls experience the end of puberty.
5. The importance of personal hygiene for boys and girls who are beginning to mature.
What information is in the text?
a) Only 1, 2, 3 and 4 are in the text.
b) Only 2, 3, 4 and 5 are in the text.
c) Only 3, 4 and 5 are in text.
d) Only 1, 2 and 3 are in the text.
e) Only 4 and 5 are in the text.
2.In the sentence “It is associated with rapid growth and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics“, the underlined word refers to:
a) Reproduction
b) Rapid Growth
c) Puberty
d) The child
e) Sexual maturation
3.In the sentence “On the average, boys enter puberty 2 years later than girls“, the underlined words mean the same as:
a) With no exception
b) Usually
c) Always
d) Rarely
e) Sometimes
4.Consider the following affirmatives:
1. Under normal conditions, boys enter puberty before girls.
2. Some hormones are responsible for initiating the changes boys and girls go through during puberty.
3. During puberty boys and girls usually get fatter.
4. The body structure in girls and boys is determined during puberty.
5. Heredity and nutrition are not related to the age boys and girls enter puberty.
According to the text:
a) Only affirmatives 2, 3 and 4 are correct.
b) Only affirmatives 1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct.
c) Only affirmatives 1, 3 and 5 are correct.
d) Only affirmatives 3, 4 and 5 are correct.
e) Only affirmatives 2 and 4 are correct.
The first official World Cup
The 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, did not plan to include football as part of the programme due to the low popularity of football in the United States. FIFA and the IOC also disagreed over the status of amateur players, and so football was dropped from the Games. FIFA president Jules Rimet thus set about organizing the inaugural World Cup tournament to be held in Uruguay in 1930. The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, no European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition. Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, and Yugoslavia to make the trip. In total 13 nations took part – seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_World_Cup)
5.What information is in the text?
a) The names of all the countries which participated in the first World Cup.
b) The stadium where the final match took place.
c) The date of the first match.
d) The team which won the tournament.
e) The country which hosted the first World Cup.
6.According to the text, the reason football was not included in the 1932 Summer Olympics was:
a) Football was a professional sport only in South America in the 1930`s.
b) Football was not popular enough in the United States.
c) FIFA and Jules Rimet had different ideas about the event.
d) There were not enough football teams for the contest.
e) Amateur football players could not participate in both the Olympic games and in the World Cup.
7.Consider the following affirmatives:
1. The first World Cup was In Uruguay.
2. Jules Rimet organized the first Word Cup.
*3. Jules Rimet was the first president of FIFA.
4. No European teams participated in the first World Cup.
According to the text.
a) Only affirmatives 1, 3 and 4 are correct.
b) Only affirmatives 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
c) Only affirmatives 2 and 4 are correct.
d) Only affirmatives 1 and 3 are correct.
*e) Only affirmatives 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
*Observação: A afirmativa número 3 não é apresentada no texto. O texto informa que Jules Rimet organizou a primeira copa do mundo e não que foi o primeiro presidente da FIFA.
8.In the sentence ” Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romenia and Yugoslavia to make a trip“, the underlined word means:
a) hypothetically
b) seldom
c) finally
d) sometimes
e) possibly