HE SAID, SHE SAID
by Polly Hanson and Maggie Villiger
May 11 , 2004 – As we saw in the segment, “Why Memories Last,” Alan learns from Larry Cahill that it appears women and men process emotional memories in different ways.
Historically, most scientists disregarded the distinctions between men and women’s brains. It was assumed they functioned in the same manner. Though some people are threatened by the notion of biological differences between the sexes as we strive in our culture to make all things equal between the sexes – there is increasing evidence that women’s and men’s brains do, in fact, operate differently. According to Cahill, we need to reevaluate our presumptions.
“In the last couple of years, we have started to pretty much get slapped in the face with the realization that we were making the false assumption, at least in the human subject work,” Cahill said. “The assumption was that the sex of our subjects didn’t really make much difference, didn’t really matter. And the data have started to tell us, well, yes it does.”
While watching the same emotionally arousing event, different parts of women’s and men’s brains light up. Cahill has scanned the brains of men and women while they watched emotionally arousing events. The results show that typically for men only the right amygdala is activated, whereas in women, the left amygdala is activated. Previous research suggests that the right brain processes the general gist of events while the left side focuses on the details. This split could account for discrepancies between the way men and women recall emotional fights or events.
Physical differences between women and men sexual dimorphism are usually quite obvious. More recently however, using PET and MRI scans to look into the brain, scientists are uncovering the less obvious ways in which biology determines differences between the sexes.
1. O texto afirma que:
a) homens e mulheres não processam memórias emocionais de maneiras diferentes;
b) homens e mulheres possuem diferenças físicas, mas não nas funções cerebrais;
c) homens e mulheres não possuem diferenças físicas nem cerebrais;
d) homens e mulheres processam memórias emocionais de maneiras diferentes;
e) os homens são superiores às mulheres tanto fisicamente quanto mentalmente.
2. De acordo com o texto:
I – Historicamente, os cientistas já haviam percebido diferenças entre o funcionamento do cérebro masculino e feminino.
II – Os cérebros de homens e mulheres funcionam da mesma forma.
III – As diferenças biológicas ameaçam a igualdade entre homens e mulheres.
IV – Nossa sociedade luta pela igualdade dos sexos.
V – Pesquisas recentes revelam diferenças biológicas menos evidentes entre homens e mulheres.
Estão corretas somente as assertivas:
a) III e V
b) I, II e III
c) II e IV
d) I e IV
e) IV e V
3. Os resultados de pesquisas recentes mostram:
a) que partes diferentes dos cérebros masculinos e femininos são ativados quando expostos a eventos emocionalmente significativos;
b) que, no processamento de eventos emocionalmente significativos, as mulheres se atêm aos detalhes;
c) que partes iguais dos cérebros masculinos e femininos são ativados quando expostos à eventos emocionalmente significativos;
d) que o lado direito do cérebro focaliza os detalhes do evento, ao passo que o lado esquerdo concentra se em aspectos gerais;
e) que não há uma relação direta entre diferenças cerebrais e discrepâncias entre a maneira como homens e mulheres lembram emocionalmente de brigas e eventos.
4. O título “He Said, She Said” se justifica porque:
a) homens e mulheres descrevem brigas e eventos emocionalmente significativos de maneiras diferentes, pois partes diferentes dos cérebros são ativados em cada sexo;
b) homens e mulheres sempre falam muito após brigas e outros eventos emocionalmente significativos;
c) as mulheres são mais emotivas que os homens, e por essa razão, descrevem eventos emocionalmente significativos e brigas diferentemente dos homens;
d) como os homens são biologicamente mais fortes que as mulheres, eles tendem a racionalizar mais sobre eventos emocionalmente significativos;
e) tanto os homens quanto as mulheres agem de maneira similar diante de eventos emocionalmente significativos e brigas, apesar de serem biologicamente diferentes.
5. “It” na frase “and the data have started to tell us, well, yes it does.” Refere-se à:
a) palavra “brain”;
b) palavra “matter”;
c) expressão “false assumption”;
d) expressão “the sex of our subjects”;
e) expressão “human subject”.
6. “Though” na frase “Though some people are threatened by the notion of biological differences between the sexes” se traduz por:
a) portanto;
b) assim;
c) embora;
d) por conseqüência;
e) tanto.
THE CLASSIC PAIN RELIEVER: THE ASPIRIN® TABLET
The Original of Aspirin® classic. One of the first pain relievers in tablet form – successful, back then just as today. Aspirin® means pain relief, speed, reliability and tolerability. There is hardly another remedy as versatile – with concentrated effectiveness due to the unique active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid.
The tablets should be taken with plenty of liquid (ideally with 1/2 to 1 glass of water), so as to enable a fast disintegration in the stomach and a quick absorption of the active ingredient into the blood stream via the intestines. The better the dissolution of the tablet, the faster the absorption of the active ingredient into the blood stream, enabling it to become effective.
Classic Aspirin® is particularly suited to the treatment of light to moderately strong states of pain and fever, especially as relates to: Headaches, Toothaches, Period pains, Inflammation-related pain, Fever, as is the case, e.g. with colds.
Read the package insert and directions for use before using Aspirin®. For further information on benefits, risks and side effects please consult your physician or pharmacist!
7. Decida se as afirmativas são verdadeiras ou falsas para depois escolher a alternativa correta.
Sobre a aspirina, é CORRETO afirmar que:
( ) há muitos outros medicamentos tão versáteis quanto ela;
( ) alivia a dor, tem uma ação rápida, é confiável e tolerável;
( ) é eficaz graças ao ácido acetil salicílico;
( ) é tão boa hoje como foi no passado.
a) V,V, V, V
b) F, F, V, V
c) F, V, V, V
d) V, F, F, V
e) V, F, F, F
8. Indique a alternativa INCORRETA.
Aspirina é usada no
a) tratamento de dores fortíssimas;
b) tratamento de febre especificamente relacionados com resfriados;
c) tratamento de dores de cabeça;
d) tratamento de dores de dente;
e) tratamento de febres relacionadas com inflamações.
9. Aspirina deve ser ingerida
a) com um pouco de líquido para ser absorvido pelo sangue;
b) com muito líquido para permitir dissolução do comprimido e absorção rápida;
c) com estômago cheio para evitar irritação do aparelho digestivo;
d) com estômago vazio para propiciar uma ação mais eficiente;
e) com muito líquido para que o comprimido seja absorvido lentamente.
10. Que significa “hardly” em “There is hardly another remedy as versatile – with concentrated effectiveness due to the unique active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid”?
a) duramente;
b) arduamente;
c) intensamente;
d) fixamente;
e) dificilmente.
ORKUT
“ORKUT is an online community website designed for friends. The main goal of our service is to make your social life, and that of your friends, more active and stimulating. Orkut’s social network can help you both maintain existing relationships and establish new ones by reaching out to people you’ve never met before. Who you interact with is entirely up to you. Before getting to know an Orkut member, you can even see how they’re connecting to you through the friends network.
“Orkut makes it easy to find people who share your hobbies and interests, look for romantic connections or establish new business contacts. You can also create and join a wide variety of online communities to discuss current events, reconnect with old college buddies or even exchange cookies recipes.
“To join Orkut, simply click on the link in the email you received and follow the instructions for creating a user name and password. If Orkut doesn’t sound like it’s for you, feel free to delete your invitation. If you change your mind in the future, don’t worry! We’ll still be here.
“If you haven’t yet received an invitation to join, please be patient. We’d love to immediately include everyone who wants to participate; however, we’re also trying to ensure that orkut remains a close-knit community. Over the next few weeks, hopefully, the network will grow to a point where everyone who wants to join has the opportunity to do so.
“It is our mission to help you create a closer, more intimate network of friends. We hope to put you on the path to social bliss soon.
11. Through Orkut you can
I. make new friends;
II. get in touch with school friends;
III. find a job;
IV. get romantically involved with some one;
V. find goods you have been wanting to purchase.
The statements which are correct are:
a) II, III e IV
b) II e IV
c) III e V
d) I, II e IV
e) I, III e V
12. “They” in the sentence “Before getting to know an Orkut member, they’re connecting to you through the friends network.” refers to:
a) Orkut’s founders;
b) Orkut members;
c) Orkut’s organizers;
d) former boy/girlfriends;
e) people outside Orkut.
13. “It” in the sentence “Orkut makes it easy to find people who share your hobbies and interests…” refers to:
a) Orkut is an online community website designed for friends;
b) you can even see how they’re connecting to you through the friends network;
c) to join Orkut, simply click on the link in the email you received and follow the instructions for creating a user name and password;
d) you can also create and join a wide variety of online communities to discuss current events;
e) easy to find people who share your hobbies and interests, look for romantic connections or establish new business contacts.
14. Translate the procedure you have to follow to join Orkut: “To join Orkut, simply click on the link in the email you received and follow the instructions for creating a user name and password.”
a) Para juntar o Orkut, clique o link no correio que você mandou e siga as instruções para criar um nome de usuário e passagem.
b) Para unir o Orkut, clique o link na mensagem que você leu e folheie as instruções para ver como se cria um apelido e senha.
c) Para tornar-se membro do Orkut, clique no link na mensagem que você recebeu e siga as instruções para criar um nome de usuário e senha.
d) Para receber do Orkut, clique o link na mensagem que você achou e procure pelas instruções para criar uma senha e apelido.
e) Para desativar o Orkut, clique o link no meio que você enviou e selecione as instruções para criar um nome de usuário e registro.